Sunflower is an annual plant Janson, high tolerability periodic water deficit in soil. Characterized by a short period of vegetation and relatively small climatic requirements, therefore it can be grown throughout the country. It is recommended for planting in problem areas, where the cultivation of other plants can be quite complex.
Harvest totals about 60 tons of plant matter per hectare, and sunflower silage fodder has a great importance, his animals eat with pleasure.
Climatic and soil requirements
Buy sunflower Jason Everyone can, it easily adapts to various living conditions, so it can be grown there, where wheat used to grow in the past, and rye. Due to the highly branched root system, reaching up 1,5 m deep into, sunflower can tolerate periodic droughts and gives a good harvest even on light and sandy soils.
It should not be grown in the cold sunflower, swampy and heavily acidified soils. This plant is thermophilic, so sensitive to low temperatures. It grows at a temperature 4 – 60?WITH, but paradoxically the young plants successfully withstand spring frosts up -50?WITH. In spite of this, it is very sensitive to the autumn frosts, therefore it is necessary to collect in a timely manner from the field.
An interesting feature is the direction of sunflower leaves and hats, they always look in the direction of the sun, which indicates its high lighting requirements.
Nurturing and farming
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This plant can be grown in a row method.. This allows for the cultivation of green mass in different places, while effectively using the ground for the production of feed for relatively short periods of time. It has small requirements for precursors. Mainly often grown after cereal and legume, mainly after the harvest of winter crops.
In some regions of the country, sunflowers can be grown after the barley, early potatoes or rape. Sunflower is a plant that requires careful cultivation. Preparing the ground for sunflower cultivation, you must perform in the autumn plowing depth 22-25 cm, and then in the spring to cultivate under sowing. It is very important work of leveling the surface before planting, This allows for uniform seed location and provides good germination.
Fertilizer
Sunflower F1 hybrid of Jason quite effectively uses mineral fertilizers. With an average enrichment of the soil with nutrients, the dose of phosphorus-potassium fertilizer should be 50-80 kg P2O5 and 100-120 kg K2O. When calculating the dose should only take into account the type of soil and its mineral wealth.
On light soils, it is recommended to use smaller doses of fertilizers, and heavy - more. Phosphate-potassium fertilizers should be used in the fall before plowing. Sunflower has less requirements for nitrogen. When grown for silage, apply 100-120 - kg N ha, sowing in full volume. On acidified soils(pH below 5,5) you need liming, this will reduce the acidity of the soil. Sunflower does not tolerate lime immediately before sowing, so you should do it before him.
Sowing and care
Mostly sunflower is sown from the second half of April to early May, when the soil temperature is about 6-8?C. Seeding is necessary to perform a drill, creating rows at a distance 40-50 cm, using 20-25 kg of seeds per hectare, or spot drill, at greater distances - up 70 cm, a rate of 10-15 kg of seed in 1 hectares.
In the second seeding method,, wide spacing between rows, allows the use of harvesting forage harvesters for taller plants. On heavy soils, the seeds should be placed at a depth of 3-4 cm, but on the lighter around 4-6 cm.
Sunflower sowing for seeds, It should be carried out no later than 30 July. In this case, it is sown in rows in width 15-25 cm, in the amount of 30-35 kg seeds, per hectare of land. Only high-quality seeds should be sown, known origin.
Cultivation of sunflower crops limited ability to combat weeds bark and. After emergence, this plant grows quickly and copes well with weeds. In case of strong weed, especially when sowing wide rows, You can apply herbicides, directly after sowing.
